Кисты холедоха в педиатрии: от эпидемиологии до диагностики (обзор)

Дарья Владимировна  Утешева; Анастасия Дмитриевна  Гурлева; Мария Хидаровна  Куведер; Людмила Юрьевна  Калинкина; Мария Алексеевна  Щербатых; Алена Витальевна  Бруданина; Екатерина Александровна  Россинская; Анастасия Сергеевна  Пырченкова

Choledochus cysts in pediatrics: from epidemiology to diagnosis (review)

Daria V. Utesheva City polyclinic No. 114. 116 building 1, lit. A, Shkolnaya str., Saint Petersburg 197374 Russian Federation
Anastasia D. Gurleva City polyclinic No. 114. 116 building 1, lit. A, Shkolnaya str., Saint Petersburg 197374 Russian Federation https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2627-3891
Maria Kh. Kuveder City polyclinic No. 114. 116 building 1, lit. A, Shkolnaya str., Saint Petersburg 197374 Russian Federation
Lyudmila Yu. Kalinkina City polyclinic No. 114. 116 building 1, lit. A, Shkolnaya str., Saint Petersburg 197374 Russian Federation
Maria A. Shcherbatykh City polyclinic No. 114. 116 building 1, lit. A, Shkolnaya str., Saint Petersburg 197374 Russian Federation
Alyona V. Brudanina City polyclinic No. 114. 116 building 1, lit. A, Shkolnaya str., Saint Petersburg 197374 Russian Federation
Ekaterina A. Rossinskaya City polyclinic No. 114. 116 building 1, lit. A, Shkolnaya str., Saint Petersburg 197374 Russian Federation
Anastasia S. Pyrchenkova City polyclinic No. 114. 116 building 1, lit. A, Shkolnaya str., Saint Petersburg 197374 Russian Federation

Keywords:

киста холедоха киста общего желчного протока у детей choledoch cyst cyst of the common bile duct in children

Abstract

Choledochus cysts (CC) are a rare congenital pathology characterized by cystic enlargement of the bile ducts. The disease is often diagnosed in children, especially in Asian populations, most often in Japan and much less often in Western countries. The main theories of etiopathogenesis include congenital ductal wall weakness, uneven cell proliferation, and abnormal pancreatobiliary junction (APBJ), leading to pancreatic juice reflux and damage to the biliary tract. The classifications of T. Todani and N. Komi became the basis for further research, as a result of which their modification was proposed. Diagnosis is based on ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (the “gold standard”), and computed tomography, which assess anatomical features and complications. Surgical excision of cysts remains the main treatment method, reducing the risk of malignant neoplasms. However, postoperative complications such as strictures and stones require long-term monitoring. The prognosis depends on the timeliness of treatment: the 5-year survival rate exceeds 90%, but the risk of malignancy persists even 15 years after surgery. Thus, CC requires an interdisciplinary approach to improve diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life for patients.

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