THE MECHANISM OF DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE TOLERANCE DURING ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is a pathogenetic approach to the treatment of allergic diseases. ASIT is used as a desensitizing therapy. Induction of peripheral T-cell tolerance and stimulation of the formation of regulatory T-cells are the key mechanisms of ASIT. The mechanisms of suppression of various proinflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, mast cells and basophils, and the development of tolerance to allergens are also directly or indirectly mediated by regulatory T-cells. Studying the molecular basis is crucial for understanding the regulation of immune responses and their possible therapeutic targets in allergic diseases.
References
Larche M., Akdis C.A., Valenta R. Immunological mechanisms of allergenspecific immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006;6(10):761–71.
Akdis M., Akdis C.A. Therapeutic manipulation of immune tolerance in allergic disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009;8(8):645–60.
Gri G. et al. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress mast cell degranulation and allergic responses through OX40-OX40L interaction. Immunity. 2008;29(5):771–81.
Kearley J. et al. Resolution of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity after in vivo transfer of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells is interleukin 10 dependent. J Exp Med. 2005;202(11):1539–47.
Kearley J., Robinson D.S., Lloyd C.M. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells reverse established allergic airway inflammation and prevent airway remodeling. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(3):617–24 e6.
Meiler F. et al. Distinct regulation of IgE, IgG4 and IgA by T regulatory cells and toll-like receptors. Allergy. 2008;63(11):1455–63.
Akdis C.A. et al. Role of interleukin 10 in specific immunotherapy. J Clin Invest. 1998;102(1):98–106.
Akdis M. et al: Immune responses in healthy and allergic individuals are characterized by a fine balance between allergen-specific T regulatory 1 and T helper 2 cells. J Exp Med. 2004;199(11):1567–75.
Jutel M. et al. IL-10 and TGF-beta cooperate in the regulatory T cell response to mucosal allergens in normal immunity and specific immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol. 2003;33(5):1205–14.
Meiler F. et al. In vivo switch to IL-10-secreting T regulatory cells in high dose allergen exposure. J Exp Med. 2008;205(12):2887–98.
Platts-Mills T. et al. Sensitisation, asthma, and a modified Th2 response in children exposed to cat allergen: a population-based cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2001;357(9258):752–6.
Akdis C.A., Akdis M. Mechanisms and treatment of allergic disease in the big picture of regulatory T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123(4):735–46, quiz 747–8.
Schandene L. et al. B7/CD28-dependent IL-5 production by human resting T cells is inhibited by IL-10. J Immunol. 1994;152(9):4368–74.
Rak S., Hakanson L., Venge P. Immunotherapy abrogates the generation of eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic activity during pollen season. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;86(5):706–13.
Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Алексеева А.А., Алтунин В.В. и др. Аллергия у детей. От теории — к практике. М.; 2011.
Листопадова А.П., Замятина Ю.Е., Михайлова К.А. Эозинофильный нейротоксин и его клиническая значимость в педиатрии. Медицина: теория и практика. 2024;9(2):51–57. DOI: 10.56871/MTP.2024.98.71.006.
Трапезникова А.Ю., Васильева А.Г. Особенности гастроинтестинальной патологии, индуцированной аллергией к белку коровьего молока, в педиатрической практике (обзор литературы). Children’s Medicine of the North-West. 2023;11(4):57–64. DOI: 10.56871/CmN-W.2023.55.28.006.
Нестеренко З.В., Иванина Е.Ю. Патогенетический вектор нейровоспаления, психосоматический концепт при бронхиальной астме у детей: перспективы диагностики и терапии. Педиатр. 2024;15(5):57–69. DOI: 10.17816/PED15557-69.
Lebman D.A., Edmiston J.S. The role of TGF-beta in growth, differentiation, and maturation of B lymphocytes. Microbes Infect. 1999;1(15):1297–304.
Borsutzky S. et al. TGF-beta receptor signaling is critical for mucosal IgA responses. J Immunol. 2004;173(5):3305–9.
Akdis C.A., Akdis M. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(1):18–27, quiz 28–9.
