Morphology of cranial mesenteric lymph nodes in newborn rats under chronic prenatal alcoholization
ORIGINAL PAPERS
Abstract
Introduction. Alcohol consumption by women during pregnancy represents a significant medical and social problem leading to fetal alcohol syndrome in offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of cranial mesenteric lymph nodes located proximally to the origin of the ileocolic artery in newborn rats that developed under conditions of maternal ethanol exposure for four months prior to conception and throughout pregnancy. Materials and methods. Female rats were obtained from the vivarium and housed in plastic cages measuring 50×30×30 cm in a dry, heated room with adequate natural and artificial lighting. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to determine topographic localization, nodal morphology, and morphometric parameters; Van Gieson staining was applied to identify collagen fibers and myocytes; Weigert staining was used to visualize elastic fibers; Foot silver impregnation method was employed to detect argyrophilic components; cell counts were performed on specimens stained with azure II–eosin. Results. Cranial mesenteric lymph nodes of newborn rats that developed under maternal ethanol exposure for four months before and during pregnancy (experimental group VI) demonstrated pronounced polymorphism across all topographic groups. The number and area of cranial mesenteric lymph nodes increased dramatically – by 9.47-fold and 4.71-fold, respectively. Lymph nodes appeared in topographic groups I and III. All structural components of cranial mesenteric lymph nodes became more differentiated. The absolute and relative counts of lymphoid cells in nodal parenchyma increased, while the proportion of reticular cells and macrophages decreased. The severity of vascular reaction diminished considerably. Conclusions. Chronic prenatal alcoholization exerts a complex effect on the morphogenesis of cranial mesenteric lymph nodes, manifesting as disrupted maturation rates of lymphoid tissue, altered ratios of structural-functional zones, suppressed cellular proliferative activity, and development of vascular disturbances. The identified changes may underlie the immunological abnormalities characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome.
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