Structural and functional changes in cranial mesenteric lymph nodes of newborn rats exposed to ethanol
ORIGINAL PAPERS
Abstract
Introduction. The prenatal effect of ethanol has a multifaceted damaging effect on the developing body, but its effect on the formation of lymphoid organs has not been sufficiently studied. Cranial mesenteric lymph nodes are of particular interest due to their key role in the formation of the intestinal immune barrier. The aim of the study was to study the morphological features of cranial mesenteric lymph nodes located proximally from the beginning of the iliocolastic artery in newborn rats that developed under conditions of chronic maternal alcoholism. Materials and methods. The cranial mesenteric lymph nodes of newborn rats, whose mothers were exposed to ethanol for six months before and during pregnancy, was studied. Histological staining methods were used (hematoxylin-eosin, Van Gieson, Weigert, silver impregnation by Foot, azur-2-eosin). The morphometric analysis was performed using the Scope Photo and Image J programs; statistical processing was performed in the SPSS 29 package. Results. The total number of cranial mesenteric lymph nodes was 5.81±0.29, of which 2.89±0.21 nodes were located proximally from the iliococcal artery. Oval and irregular shapes prevailed. There was no cortical-cerebral differentiation in the oval nodes, and reticular cells dominated. The irregularly shaped nodes revealed weak structural differentiation with a cerebral cortical index of 4.31. Characteristic findings were fatty infiltration of the parenchyma (76% of observations), vasodilation, the presence of free red blood cells and the formation of ring-shaped structures around the neurovascular bundles. Conclusion. Chronic prenatal exposure to ethanol leads to pronounced structural changes in the body of newborn rats, manifested by delayed differentiation of the parenchyma, the predominance of stromal elements over lymphoid and pathological vascularization. The revealed changes may indicate a violation of the formation of intestinal immune function in the early postnatal period.
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